CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE

CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE

       The team intelligence covers the abilities associated with all cognitive process. It is the ability which helps an individual to make adjustment with the environment, make abstract thinking & learn from experience. In other words intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge, think with reason & logic and deal adaptively with the environment.

DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE

       According to wood worth & Marquis “intelligence means intellect put to use. It is the use of intellectual abilities for handing a situation or accomplishing any task”.

       According to Terman “An individual is intelligent in proportion as he is able to carry on abstract thinking”.

       Wagnon defines “intelligence is the capacity to learn and adjust to relatively new and changing conditions”.

THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE.

So me theories of intelligence are

·      Unitary theory/ Monarchic theory

·      Multifactor theory/ Anarchic theory

·      Two factor theory

·      Group factor theory

Unitary theory/ Monarchic theory

       This theory holds that intelligence consists of one factor, simply a fund of intellectual competence, reflected in all the activities of the individual. If one has a fund of intelligence he can utilize it for any human endeavor and hence he can be successful in all domains of human life.

Spearman’s view on intelligence

       Spearman, an English psychologist, studies the performance of various intelligence students. He used various mental ability tests covering various elements of intelligence like verbal comprehension, mathematical reasoning, social thinking, body coordination, etc.. He noticed that though the students got different marks in different tests, almost every intelligent student got good marks in all the tests.

       Spearman concluded that though an intelligent child do not show maximum excellence in all fields, There are same elements of intelligence which are common to all field & subjects.

Spearman’s two factor theory

       This theory was advocated by spearman. According to him every different intellectual ability involves a general factor ‘g’ & specific factor ‘s’.

General intelligence theory. (G Factor)

       It is the general mental ability possessed by every intelligent person to show a maximum excellence in all fields or subjects. It is the foundation of intelligence.

Specific intelligence factor (S factor)

              It is the specific mental ability possessed by an intelligent person that helps the person to show maximum excellence in a particular field subject. For eg: if a student wants to be excellent in maths, he should possess specific intelligence required for maths.                                                          

Social science

Intelligence may be considered as a sort of  mental energy, an aggregate or global mental capacity of an individual for helping him in coping with his  environment in terms of adaptation & deicing with novel situations as effectively as possible. It has been many established facts regarding its nature like

i)                The distribution of intelligence in the population follows the properties of the normal distribution.

ii)            This a joint product of heredity a environment

There for of intelligence try to explain the structural composition of our intelligence by pointing out specifically its different components or factors. Spearman’s two factor theory asserts that there are two types of factors working in one’s intelligence homely, the general intelligence (common to all the different cognitive tasks) and specific intelligence (quite specific to a specific tasks).

PARVATHI

SOCIAL SCIENCE